@font-face{font-family:STIX Two Text;src:url(/fonts/stix-two-text-400.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:STIX Two Text;src:url(/fonts/stix-two-text-500.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:STIX Two Text;src:url(/fonts/stix-two-text-400-italic.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Libre Franklin;src:url(/fonts/libre-franklin-400.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:Libre Franklin;src:url(/fonts/libre-franklin-500.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;src:url(/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-400.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}:root{--bg: #FFFFFF;--ink: #17181A;--muted: #5B6066;--line: #D8D9DB;--accent: #A31621;--well: #F6F6F4;--serif: "STIX Two Text", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--sans: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;--mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, monospace;--measure: 640px;--margin-col: 240px;--gutter: 80px;--page: 960px}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0;margin:0;padding:0}html{background:var(--bg);scroll-behavior:auto}body{font:400 17px/1.58 var(--serif);color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}img,svg{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:2px}a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--ink)}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:2px}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}.page{max-width:var(--page);margin:0 auto;padding:0 20px}main{display:block;min-height:50vh}hr.scotch{border:0;border-top:3px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);height:6px;background:transparent}hr.scotch--accent{border-top-color:var(--accent)}hr.hairline{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);height:0}hr.rule-thick{border:0;border-top:3px solid var(--ink);height:0}hr.rule-thin{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ink);height:0}.small-label{font:500 11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.mono-meta{font:400 12.5px/1.7 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.mono-data{font:400 13.5px/1.6 var(--mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}h1{font:500 38px/1.18 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.005em}h2{font:500 24px/1.3 var(--serif)}h3{font:500 20px/1.35 var(--serif)}.masthead{text-align:center;padding-top:28px}.masthead .nameplate{font:500 clamp(18px,6.5vw,26px)/1.2 var(--serif);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:18px 0 14px}.masthead .nameplate a{text-decoration:none}.masthead .tagline{font:400 12.5px/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);padding:10px 0 0}.masthead .site-nav{padding:14px 0 0}.masthead .site-nav ul{justify-content:center}.folio{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding:14px 0 10px;flex-wrap:wrap}.folio .folio-mark{font:500 15px/1 var(--serif);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase}.folio .folio-mark a{text-decoration:none}.site-nav ul{list-style:none;display:flex;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.site-nav a{font:500 11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.site-nav a:hover,.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink)}.toc{list-style:none}.toc-entry{padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.toc-entry:last-child{border-bottom:0}.toc-entry .entry-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap}.toc-entry h2,.toc-entry h3{font:500 30px/1.25 var(--serif)}.toc-entry h2 a,.toc-entry h3 a{text-decoration:none}.toc-entry h2 a:hover,.toc-entry h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--ink)}.toc-entry .entry-code{white-space:nowrap}.toc-entry .abstract{margin-top:8px;max-width:var(--measure)}.toc-entry .key-stat{margin-top:8px}.empty-state{padding:28px 0;max-width:var(--measure)}.empty-state p{margin-top:8px}.flagship-line{padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.section-head{padding:26px 0 6px}.study{max-width:var(--page)}.study-head{padding-top:6px;position:relative}.study-head .report-code{position:absolute;top:14px;right:0}.study-head h1{margin-top:18px;max-width:820px}.study-head .byline{margin-top:12px}.lead-stat{font:500 clamp(34px,11vw,52px)/1.1 var(--serif);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums;color:var(--ink);margin-top:22px}.lead-stat .lead-stat-context{display:block;font:400 17px/1.58 var(--serif);color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}.study--flagship .lead-stat{color:var(--accent)}.meta-block{background:var(--well);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 18px;margin-top:22px;font:400 13.5px/1.9 var(--mono);color:var(--ink)}.meta-block dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:max-content 1fr;gap:0 24px}.meta-block dt{color:var(--muted)}.meta-block dd{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.abstract-lede{font:400 18px/1.6 var(--serif);max-width:var(--measure);padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.study-body{padding-top:10px}@media(min-width:1000px){.study-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:var(--measure) var(--margin-col);column-gap:var(--gutter)}.study-body>*{grid-column:1}.study-body>.marginal,.study-body>aside{grid-column:2}.study-body>.full-measure{grid-column:1 / -1}}.study-body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.58}.study-body>*+*{margin-top:18px}.study-body h2{margin-top:34px}.study-body h3{margin-top:26px}.study-body ul,.study-body ol{padding-left:26px}.study-body li+li{margin-top:6px}.study-body em{font-style:italic}.study-body code{font:400 13.5px/1.6 var(--mono);background:var(--well);padding:1px 5px}.study-body pre{background:var(--well);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 18px;overflow-x:auto}.study-body pre code{background:transparent;padding:0}.study-body blockquote{border-left:0;padding-left:26px;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted)}.marginal{font:400 12.5px/1.65 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:8px;margin-top:24px}figure.fig{margin-top:30px}figure.fig .fig-plate{border-bottom:0}figure.fig figcaption{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:10px;padding-top:8px;font:400 12.5px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);max-width:var(--measure)}figure.fig .fig-no{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}figure.fig .fig-provenance{display:block;font:400 12.5px/1.7 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}figure.fig .data-chip{float:right;font:400 12.5px/1.7 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-left:16px}figure.fig .data-chip a{text-decoration-color:var(--muted)}.fig svg text{font:400 12.5px var(--mono);fill:var(--muted)}.fig svg .axis line,.fig svg .axis path{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1}.fig svg .series{stroke:var(--muted);fill:none}.fig svg .series--highlight{stroke:var(--accent)}table.booktabs{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink);margin-top:30px}table.booktabs caption{caption-side:top;text-align:left;font:400 12.5px/1.6 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:8px}table.booktabs caption .fig-no{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}table.booktabs th{font:500 11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);text-align:left;padding:8px 12px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}table.booktabs td{padding:7px 12px 7px 0;vertical-align:top}table.booktabs th.num,table.booktabs td.num{text-align:right;font:400 13.5px/1.6 var(--mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums}table.booktabs th.num{font:500 11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.08em}@media(max-width:660px){table.booktabs{display:block;overflow-x:auto}}.apparatus{margin-top:44px}.apparatus .apparatus-block{margin-top:26px}.apparatus .apparatus-block>.small-label{display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.cite-box{background:var(--well);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 18px;font:400 13.5px/1.8 var(--mono);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.press-summary{max-width:var(--measure)}.changelog{list-style:none}.changelog li{font:400 12.5px/1.8 var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.funnel-line{margin-top:36px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font:400 14px/1.6 var(--serif);color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}.prose{max-width:var(--measure)}.prose>*+*{margin-top:18px}.prose h2{margin-top:34px}.prose h3{margin-top:26px}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:26px}.prose li+li{margin-top:6px}.site-footer{margin-top:64px;padding-bottom:40px}.site-footer .footer-inner{padding-top:16px}.site-footer p,.site-footer li{font:400 12.5px/1.9 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.site-footer ul{list-style:none;display:flex;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:0 0 6px}.site-footer a{text-decoration-color:var(--line)}.site-footer a:hover{color:var(--ink)}@media print{.site-nav,.site-footer ul{display:none}body{font-size:11pt}}